Karin and some friends play baseball here normally after school. This was the place where she witnessed the battle between Ichigo and the hollow which was after her.
Karakura High is a high school that Ichigo, Inoue, Ishida, and Chad attend. As a cover up, Rukia attended this school as well, but only temporarily. This is also where many of the events in Bleach take place at the beginning of the series.
The Urahara Shop is owned by Kisuke Urahara and sells various items from Soul Society. It usually serves as a base for the protagonists of Bleach. Ichigo and his allies usually come here to train or discuss plans on how to defeat an enemy.